How to Run a Docker Image as a Container

TLDR

Use docker run to start a container from an image. You can map ports, set environment variables, and control the container's lifecycle with various flags.

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Running a Docker image as a container is the core of container-based development. Whether you're testing locally or deploying to production, understanding how to use docker run gives you flexibility and control.

Basic Usage

The simplest way to run a container is:

docker run nginx:alpine

This starts a new container from the nginx:alpine image. By default, it runs in the foreground and shows the container's output.

Running in Detached Mode

To run the container in the background, add the -d flag:

docker run -d nginx:alpine

Now the container runs in the background, and you get the container ID.

Mapping Ports

To access services inside the container, map ports from the host to the container:

docker run -d -p 8080:80 nginx:alpine

This maps port 8080 on your host to port 80 in the container. You can now access the service at http://localhost:8080.

Passing Environment Variables

You can pass environment variables to configure your app:

docker run -e ENV=production my-app:latest

This sets the ENV variable inside the container.

Mounting Volumes

To persist data or share files, mount a host directory:

docker run -v $(pwd)/data:/app/data my-app:latest

This mounts the local ./data directory to /app/data in the container.

Stopping and Removing Containers

List running containers:

docker ps

Stop a container:

docker stop <container_id>

Remove a container:

docker rm <container_id>

Best Practices

• Use descriptive container names with --name.
• Clean up stopped containers to save resources.
• Use environment variables and volumes for configuration and data.

With these techniques, you can run, manage, and debug containers efficiently in any environment.

Good luck with your project!